Diplomatic talks are discussions between two or more countries to resolve a dispute, usually over international affairs. Negotiations can be bilateral or multilateral, and the results of negotiations are embodied in an international instrument, the most solemn kind being a treaty. Treaties may be concluded between nations and also between international organizations, such as the United Nations or NATO.
Diplomacy aims to prevent a situation from worsening and is most successful when both sides can agree that a settlement will serve their interests in the long run. In cases where agreement is not possible at the negotiating table, diplomats may enlist outside mediation or even resort to military force to bring warring parties together.
An effective negotiator is calm, persuasive, and understands the other side’s viewpoint. He must be able to read his counterparts and know when to use rewards—such as the promise of a trade deal or arms sale—to encourage compromise. Diplomats must be willing to work around obstacles to the discussion, whether they are cultural differences or unfavorable ties.
Keeping the peace is no small task. Often, negotiations are complicated by the fact that many countries have competing interests and varying perceptions of what a deal should look like. Emotional reactions can disrupt calm, thoughtful dialogue and lead to misunderstandings. Cultural differences can cause offense or alienation, and egos and overconfidence can hinder diplomatic communication. If all these factors are in play, an effective negotiator must prioritize his own priorities and the needs of his or her team.
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